Checklists · Sports courts
Court Drainage Discussion Preparation Checklist
Help an owner or club representative describe water on and around a court in dated observations, so that every judgement about falls, outfalls and drainage arrangements stays with a qualified professional.
7 sections · 42 planning prompts · educational owner-side preparation
https://www.builddesignhub.com/checklists/sports-court-facility-planning/court-drainage-discussion-preparation · Build Design Hub — educational planning resource. Requirements vary by project and location.
Scope
What this checklist covers
The preparation ground these prompts walk through.
- How water behaves on the ground a court would occupy
- Where water arrives from before it ever reaches the playing area
- What an existing court does during and after heavy rain
- Where water goes once it leaves the court and what receives it
- Play lost to standing water and the pattern behind those losses
- Preparing the drainage discussion for a qualified professional
Audience
Who this checklist is for
- Owners whose proposed court area lies wet after rain
- Club representatives dealing with a court that keeps becoming unplayable
- Owners planning a court on ground they already know holds water
- Anyone gathering evidence before a drainage professional visits
Timing
When to use it
- Recording where water stands on a court area and how long it stays
- Noting what arrives from surrounding land, roofs and higher ground
- Describing what happens to water once it leaves the playing area
- Gathering dated evidence before any drainage design is discussed
- Keeping observation separate from conclusions about the cause
Limits
When it is not sufficient
This is general planning preparation. These situations need a qualified professional, and often the relevant authority.
- Designing falls, channels, outfalls or any drainage arrangement
- Deciding whether water may enter a drain, ditch, watercourse or soakaway
- Establishing why ground holds water or what lies beneath the surface
- Judging whether a court is fit to be played on in wet conditions
The checklist
Work through the sections
Tick the boxes on paper or on screen — nothing is stored, so print the page if you want to keep your marks.
1.Where water sits on the court area itself
A court area is easy to describe accurately because it has corners, posts and lines to refer to. The value lies in repetition and dates, not in any single wet morning.
Mark on a sketch of the court area every place water stands after heavy rain, describing positions against fixed features such as posts, corners or trees.
A marked sketch travels much better than a description, and fixed references let anybody find the same spot again later.
Note whether the same areas hold water after different spells of rain, or whether the wet patches shift about from one spell to the next.
Water returning to the same place points at the ground or the surface, while wandering water more often points at where it arrives from.
Record how long water stays in your own terms, such as gone by the same afternoon or still there the following morning, with the date beside it.
Relative persistence across the area is the useful comparison, and it means nothing at all without the date written next to it.
Describe depth against something already in the photograph, such as a post base, a kerb or the sole of a boot, rather than putting a figure to it.
A familiar object in shot lets a professional read the picture long afterwards without taking your word for anything.
Note whether the wet areas fall where play actually happens or out at the edges where nobody goes in the first place.
Where the water sits relative to how the court is used decides how much it matters, and only you can supply that part.
Note which parts of the area never hold water at all, since the dry ground helps explain the wet ground lying beside it.
The contrast across one site is what a professional reads, and it is lost in a general statement that the ground gets wet.
2.Where water arrives from before it reaches the court
Much of the water on a court never fell on it. Follow it uphill and record what you find before anybody starts discussing the court itself.
Walk the ground around the area and note which directions it falls from, described simply as which sides sit higher than the court.
Water arriving from higher ground is a different matter from water falling on the court, and walking the site settles which it is.
Note every roof, gutter and downpipe near the area and where each one discharges, watching during rain rather than guessing from the pipework.
Roof water is the largest single arrival on many sites, and its real destination is often nothing like what the pipework suggests.
Where roof water may be directed is for a qualified professional and the relevant authority to establish.
Note any drive, yard, path or paved area above the court, since water leaves hard surfaces quickly and arrives all at once.
A hard surface upslope changes both how much water arrives and how suddenly, which is exactly what a professional needs to be told.
Note whether water appears to arrive from land you do not control, and record what you observe without attributing responsibility to anybody.
A neutral factual record is what any later conversation about neighbouring land needs, and early conclusions spoil it completely.
Questions about water crossing a boundary belong with a suitably qualified adviser and the relevant authority.
Note any place that is wet even during dry spells, such as seepage at a bank, a permanently green patch or water appearing at a change of level.
Ground that is wet without rain suggests something a specialist will want investigated before any court is designed.
Note every ditch, channel, gully and grating around the area, photograph each one, and record whether water actually reaches it during rain.
Where an existing channel or drain leads, and what may be connected to it, is for a qualified professional and the relevant authority to confirm.
3.How an existing court behaves after rain
A court that is already there has been reporting on itself for years. Record what it does before anybody proposes what should be done about it.
Mark where puddles form on the existing playing surface and whether they sit near the middle, at one end or along a particular edge.
The position of standing water on a made surface is where a specialist starts, and it is forgotten as soon as the court dries.
Photograph any silt, grit or fine material appearing on the surface after rain, before it is brushed, blown or washed away.
Material arriving on or through a surface is a significant observation and it disappears the moment somebody tidies the court.
Map where moss and green film establish first each cold spell, since growth follows the areas that stay wet longest.
Growth is a slow record of persistent damp that maps the wet areas without anybody standing outside in the rain to watch.
Note where water disappears into cracks, joints or edges of the existing surface, and mark those places on the same sketch.
What water entering a surface means for its construction is for a qualified professional to establish rather than something to conclude from above.
Note the condition of any channel, grating or edge detail around the court and whether it runs, stands full or stays dry during rain.
An opening that water never actually reaches is a common finding, and it can only be seen while the rain is still falling.
Note whether the ground around the court sits above or below the surface, since ground creeping up over an edge holds water on the court.
Surrounding levels change so gradually that almost nobody notices until water has stopped leaving the court at all.
4.What receives the water once it has left
Water that leaves a court has to arrive somewhere else, and that somewhere is the part nobody walks to. Follow it to the end of the line.
Follow the water off each edge of the area during rain and note what it runs onto, whether grass, a border, a path or another hard surface.
Court water is frequently just moved a short distance, where it becomes a problem in the next part of the site instead.
Walk to where the water ends up and note whether the ground there is soft, scoured, permanently wet or apparently unaffected by it.
The receiving ground tells you whether water is being absorbed or simply passed along, which shapes what can be proposed.
Record clearly whether any water leaving the area heads towards a building, a store, a clubhouse or an outbuilding.
Water running towards any building must be described to a qualified professional rather than dealt with on your own judgement.
Note whether water from the area reaches a boundary, a road or a neighbouring garden, and record plainly what you have seen.
Whether water may be discharged towards any boundary, ditch or watercourse is for the relevant authority and a qualified professional to confirm.
Write down that you do not know where an existing drainage run goes rather than guessing, and ask how that would be established.
An honest gap in the record is more useful than an assumption that quietly ends up shaping a design.
Note what you can see of the ground below the site without entering land you do not control, keeping the record purely descriptive.
Descriptions of what is visible from your own land are useful; speculation about arrangements on land you cannot see is not.
5.Play lost to standing water and the pattern behind it
The reason drainage matters on a court is that people cannot use it. That record has to be kept as it happens, because it cannot be assembled afterwards.
Keep a simple record of every session lost to a wet court, with the date and a note of what the weather had been doing beforehand.
A dated list of lost sessions is the most concrete evidence an owner can bring, and it cannot be reconstructed from memory.
Note how soon the court is usable again after rain in your own terms, and whether one end comes back into use well before the other.
Uneven drying across a single court is a strong signal, and it is visible only to whoever is standing there at the time.
Note which parts of the court players avoid in wet weather and where they change how they move in order to stay off them.
Player behaviour maps the wet areas continuously, which beats occasional observation by anybody who does not play there.
Note whether the losses cluster in particular seasons, and whether the court has genuinely worsened or has simply been noticed more.
Distinguishing a change in the court from a change in attention is something only the people who use it can attempt.
Write down what is already done to keep the court usable, such as sweeping, squeegeeing or covering, and how much effort each takes.
Existing coping measures show both how bad the problem is and what has already been tried, which shortens the discussion.
Record that the court was wet and not used, rather than recording a judgement about its condition, and leave that judgement to somebody qualified.
Whether a court is fit to be played on in any condition is for a qualified professional and the relevant governing body to advise on.
6.Frost, ice and cold weather observations
Cold weather maps a site for free. Frost gathers where water gathers, and a thaw sends water in directions it never takes at any other time.
Note where frost and ice sit longest on the area and add those positions to the same sketch that carries your standing water notes.
Ice returns to the areas that hold water, so cold weather maps the site for you without any rain having to fall.
Note which parts of the area sit in shade through the coldest part of the day, since those are the parts that thaw last.
Slow-thawing corners are usually the same corners that dry last after rain, and the two records confirm each other.
Note any lifting, cracking or movement in an existing surface that appears after cold spells, and photograph it with the date.
What movement after cold weather means for a court construction is for a qualified professional to establish.
Note where water goes during a thaw, since frozen ground can send water along routes it never takes in ordinary rain.
Thaw conditions produce runoff patterns nobody sees at any other time, and they are often the worst the site ever gets.
Note whether any existing grating or channel becomes blocked by ice or debris in cold weather, and whether anybody clears it.
An opening that only fails in cold weather is easy to overlook, because nobody looks at it in the season when it works.
Note whether the court is used in cold weather at all, since a court left unplayed through winter raises quite different questions.
Winter use decides which observations matter, and it is a decision the owner or club makes rather than the professional.
7.Setting up the drainage discussion properly
What you hand over decides how the conversation goes. Assemble the record, name what you do not know, and leave the explanations to somebody qualified.
Assemble the wet areas, arrivals, openings and frost notes onto one plan of the court and its surroundings before the first conversation.
The relationship between where water arrives and where it stands only becomes obvious when both appear on the same drawing.
Keep a paired set of photographs of each marked position in wet and in dry conditions, each carrying the date it was taken.
A pair taken in both conditions explains itself, whereas an undated picture of a wet court proves very little to anybody.
Write down anything known about drainage, levelling or filling carried out on this ground before, and label recollection clearly as recollection.
Even a vague account of past work points a professional at what is worth investigating first.
Ask what investigation would be needed to establish what is happening below ground here, and who would carry it out.
Any explanation of what the ground is doing below the surface has to come from a qualified professional who has investigated it.
Ask whether the court contractor or a separate drainage professional should be dealing with each part of what you have recorded.
Court construction and site drainage are frequently different specialisms, and assuming one covers both wastes a visit.
Keep any explanation you have formed on a separate note, so that what you hand over is a record of observations rather than an argument.
A professional given conclusions tends to test them, while a professional given observations tends to look at the site.
Preparation
Documents and information to gather
Having these to hand usually makes the first conversation shorter and more useful.
- One plan of the court and its surroundings marked with wet areas, arrivals and openings
- Dated photographs of each marked position taken in both wet and dry conditions
- A running record of sessions lost to a wet court with dates and weather notes
- Anything you hold about drainage, levelling or filling previously done on the ground
- Photographs of every ditch, channel, gully and grating around the area
- Notes of what is currently done to keep the court usable after rain
Records
Decisions to record before work begins
Write these down in your own words, with the date, so everyone is working from the same version.
- Which observations you will repeat through the next long wet spell
- Whether the court is to be kept in winter use while the water is understood
- What you are prepared to have investigated before any design is discussed
- Which parts of this record go to the drainage undertaker rather than to a court contractor
- Whether a separate drainage professional is being asked to look at the site
Professional review
Questions to discuss with qualified professionals
Bring these to the relevant qualified professional, supplier or authority. Requirements vary by project and location.
- Is the water on this court arriving on the surface or coming from below?
- What testing or survey work would you want done before offering a view here?
- Which of my wet weather observations would you want to see for yourself?
- How much of what I have recorded arrives from land beyond my boundary?
- Who should be dealing with the site drainage as opposed to the court itself?
- What has to be checked with the relevant authority before an outfall is discussed?
- What would you want established about where the existing drainage runs go?
- At what point does this stop being a court question and become a drainage one?
Blind spots
Commonly overlooked items
- Roof water discharging near the court and never being watched during rain
- A hard surface upslope delivering water suddenly rather than gradually
- Ground around the court creeping up above the level of the surface
- Silt appearing on the surface and being swept away before anyone photographs it
- Lost sessions never written down, so the pattern cannot be shown to anybody
- Channels and gratings that water never actually reaches during rain
- The site judged in a dry spell and never watched through a long wet one
What this checklist does not do
- Nothing recorded here establishes how a court should be levelled, built or drained.
- Where water may be discharged is for the relevant authority and drainage undertaker to confirm.
- Do not open joints, lift surfacing or excavate beside a court in order to investigate water.
- Whether a court is fit to be played on in any condition is not a question this record answers.
More preparation
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Inspiration
Related Ideas Library pages
Design directions to explore once the preparation is done.
Go deeper
Related Build Design Hub guides
Explanatory planning guidance behind the decisions on this page.
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